HMPV viruse

Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV): is a respiratory virus that primarily affects the lungs and airways. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family and is closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). First identified in 2001, hMPV is now recognized as a common cause of respiratory illnesses in people of all ages, particularly young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems.

Key Facts About hMPV:

1. Transmission:
   • Spread through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.
   • Often occurs in late winter and early spring, similar to influenza and RSV.
2. Symptoms:
   • Mild symptoms:
     • Runny nose
     • Cough
     • Fever
     • Nasal congestion
     • Sore throat
   • Severe symptoms (common in infants, elderly, or immunocompromised individuals):
     • Wheezing
     • Difficulty breathing
     • Bronchiolitis
     • Pneumonia
   • Symptoms can range from mild cold-like illness to severe respiratory distress.
3. Risk Groups:
   • Infants and young children
   • Older adults
   • People with chronic respiratory or heart conditions
   • Immunocompromised individuals
4. Diagnosis:
   • Confirmed through laboratory tests such as:
     • PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing of respiratory secretions
     • Antigen detection
     • Viral culture
5. Treatment:
   • No specific antiviral treatment for hMPV.
   • Supportive care is the mainstay, including:
     • Rest and hydration
     • Fever reducers (e.g., acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
     • Oxygen therapy in severe cases
   • Severe infections may require hospitalization.
6. Prevention:
   • Practice good hygiene:
     • Frequent handwashing with soap and water.
     • Avoid touching the face, especially eyes, nose, and mouth.
     • Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
   • Disinfect frequently-touched surfaces.
   • Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
   • No vaccine is currently available, though research is ongoing.

Epidemiology:

• hMPV is a global pathogen, causing outbreaks annually.
• It is a leading cause of respiratory infections in young children after RSV.